The interest our students have shown in the subject of child labour in the mines stems from the fact that these less fortunate children are their peers. These children were the ages of our students but were forced to perform an unhealthy and downright dangerous profession just to survive. There is also the need to shed light on an aspect of our modern history that is completely unknown and linked to social conditions and child exploitation, which is the norm in several countries around the world even now. The mining industry began to develop in the initial decades of the twentieth century and, although it offered a part of the population the opportunity to earn an income, it mirrored the social conditions that existed at that time. This is inextricably linked to extreme poverty, the structuring of Cypriot society and the perennial exploitation of the most vulnerable, not merely by the English conquerors, but also by the Cypriots who were in a better economic situation than the mine workers and their families. Finally, through their research, our students wish to demonstrate how mining, which was an important industry in Cyprus till the mid-twentieth century and contributed to economic development, led to the exploitation of a population group that comprises of the new generation. These kids did not experience childhood because of absolute poverty and destitution, which was a reality in the not-so-distant past of Cyprus.